When Do I Have to Start Making Withdrawals from My Retirement Plan?

The longer you can let it sit there, in most cases the better off you’ll be. But the government won’t let it sit there (tax-free!) forever. They want their taxes on your retirement money. According to a formula specified by the IRS, you have got to start taking money out of our retirement plans by April 1 in the year after you turn 70Y2. There is one big exception: Begin- fling January 1, 1997, if you are still working, your retirement money is in an employer-sponsored plan such as a 401(k), and you are 70Y or older, you do not have to make withdrawals until April 1 following the calendar year in which you do retire.

Substantially Equal Periodic Payments to Avoid the 10 Percent Withdrawal Penalty

There is one other way to get money out of your retirement accounts and avoid that 10 percent penalty if you are not the permissible age or if your money is in an IRA or IRA rollover. You can do this by using a technique called substantially equal periodic payments (SEPP). Simply put, you have to take out a certain amount of money every single year until you are 59.9 or for five years, whichever period is longer.
So if you are 57 and you start to take money out of your IRA account under SEPP, you will have to do so until you are 62. If you’re 52 when you start, you’ll have to continue withdrawing the money until you’re 59’/2—again the rule is whichever time period is longer.
The amount you can withdraw is calculated by one of three methods; the method you choose will determine the actual dollar amount you must take out yearly. This exact predetermined amount must be withdrawn every year for five years or when you reach S9Vz, whichever is longer. Very few people know about this loophole, IRS code 72(t)(2)(A)(IV), but it’s there if you need it. Make sure you deal with a financial adviser, accountant, or brokerage house who is familiar with this law.

What If I Leave My Present Employer?

When you leave your place of employment, many times you can leave your 401(k) right there and not have to take it out. Other times you might want to withdraw your money, and some companies may encourage you highly to take it out when you leave, although if you have more than $3,500 in the plan, they can’t force you to do so. In any case, there might come a time when you need a place to which you can transfer the money.
You usually have two choices. If you’re merely changing jobs, you can move it to the 401(k) plan at the new company if the company has no time restrictions as to when you can enter its plan. If it does, until you qualify to join the plan (after you’ve been there a year at the latest, by law), you can take advantage of the other option. The other option is to transfer the money from your current plan into an IRA rollover account. If you do this, you can continue to shelter all the money from taxes and invest it for your retirement. You can open an IRA rollover at a bank, mutual funds company, insurance company, or brokerage firm. IRA rollovers are governed by the same regulations as an IRA account.
If you already have an IRA account, be sure to keep the money you’re rolling over from your 401(k) plan apart from your regular IRA contributions; you can put it into a new separate IRA. Later, if you qualify to transfer this money into your current employer’s plan, or a subsequent employer’s plan, you can roll this money back over into a 401(k) at any new company—but only if it’s been kept separate from your original IRA.

Getting Around the 10 Percent Early Withdrawal Penalty

Very few people know about this, but it’s true.
If you’re fifty-five or older in the year of retirement from a particular company, you can withdraw whatever you like from what’s known as a qualified employer retirement account without any penalty whatever.
You will pay tax on this money as if it were ordinary income. The tax will be withheld from your withdrawal off the top in the form of a 20 percent withholding tax. You’ll get a refund of this withholding tax if when you file your return you owe less than was withheld. If you owe more, you’ll have to pay the balance.
This holds true only for employer-sponsored retirement plans such as the 401(k). If you take your money out of your 401(k) and put it into, for example, an IRA rollovet this rule won’t apply to you.

When Do I Owe Taxes on a Retirement Plan?

The taxes on a retirement plan will be deferred until you take your money out, at which time it will be taxed as ordinary income. But if you withdraw funds from a retirement account before the age of 59, you will pay a 10 percent federal penalty on any amount withdrawn, as well as a state income tax penalty. You will also pay ordinary income tax on the money. With a SIMPLE, it works the same way after the first two years. But if you take out the money within the first two years you participate in the plan, an early withdrawal tax of 25 percent will apply.
However, there are exceptions.

Should I Invest All My 401(k) Money in My Company’s Stock?

It’s never wise to put all your eggs in one basket, particularly in stocks. The stock market has ups and downs, and individual companies may fall on hard times very quickly, due to management mistakes, changes in the economy, or sheer bad luck.
This doesn’t mean your company is a bad investment or that you shouldn’t express your loyalty by being a shareholder. But even great companies—think of IBM or AT&T recently— can see frightening declines in their stock. By all means, invest in your own firm, but spread your money around so that you’re protected if the unexpected happens. Diversification should be your watchword.

How Do I Put Money into My Plan? What Happens to the Money?

The percentage that you decide to contribute, once okayed by the company, will be taken from your paycheck before taxes and deposited into the plan.
The company administering the plan then invests your money for you. You will usually have a choice of several investment vehicles, which might include mutual funds, bond funds, or individual equities such as the stock of your own company. Typically, the choices will offer a range of risks and returns. Some investments are highly predictable, such as bonds, which produce steady income at minimum risk. The stock market is more variable, and the most aggressive growth funds may swing up and down considerably in value, while they offer a higher return over time.
Usually you will be given extensive information about your investment options, and you can divide your contributions as you see fit among the different investments.
Most plans today allow you to transfer money within the plan from one investment to another or to change how you want future contributions to be allocated among the investments. All it usually takes is a phone call. So if you have invested all your money in a stock fund, for instance, and the stock skyrockets and you sell your shares within the plan because you made 30 percent on your money, you will not owe a penny at that time in taxes. While the money sits in the plan you do not have to pay taxes on it.

Educational Gadget

There are now many applications in the Education field, from apps that teach times tables, to colors. I use “Preschool Adventure” with my 3 year old son and he loves it. For teaching my daughter Multiplication I use miTables. There are now many more apps for that are equally helpful. As of this writing there is a noticeable gap in Grading software, as well as student management, but we are only a few months into the development of apps. I suspect that it won’t be long before the gaps are filled.
It is obvious that even with the recent price drop it is impractical to order a class set, but in my case I have three computers and groups of four students for centers. I now use my iPod Touch as an additional computer and the students switch which computer activity they use. I also use the calculator on my document projector because it is easier to see than the student calculators. My uses are quickly expanding, and I will likely purchase a separate one with teacher funds to get even more use out of it.